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Some of these impacts could be greatly reduced by directing attention to wildlife markets and trade where many pathogenic problems originate. Preventing the spread of pathogens among animal species will require either banning trade or extending the current regulatory frameworks used in the trade in domestic animals to the wildlife trade, which largely lacks regulations and monitoring in many countries. Control strategies at these trade hubs would include:

• Strengthening and enforcing of disease-control and trade regulations
• Developing and implementing quarantine procedures
• Shifting the costs of controlling outbreaks to the animal suppliers and vendors
• Ending trade that is unsustainable.

Preventing the spread of the next potential pandemic could depend on closing the valves through which pathogens currently flow, said Martin Gilbert, a WCS veterinarian currently studying diseases in wildlife markets in Asia. There is a sound basis for the tight restrictions on trade of livestock and sadly, those concepts have not been recognized for wildlife.