Diverse genetic abnormalities lead to NF-κB activation in multip...( Two new studies may lead to the deve...)

Two new studies may lead to the development of more effective therapies for individuals with multiple myeloma (MM), a common and incurable blood cell cancer. The research, published by Cell Press in the August issue of the journal Cancer Cell, provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie aberrant NF-κB activity in MM tumor cells and underscores the relevance of the NF-κB signaling pathway as a target for MM therapy.

MM is a cancer of the plasma cell, a blood cell that produces antibodies to help the body fight off infections. Previous research implicates abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway as a key event in MM pathology. NF-κB target genes are known to be involved in cell proliferation and cell survival. Although there is significant overlap and interplay between them, there are two separate pathways that lead to activation of NF-κB, the classical pathway and the alternative pathway.

Constitutive activation of NF-κB to block apoptosis has been implicated in various types of cancer, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. Two separate research groups used a variety of sophisticated genomic techniques to examine mutations in hundreds of MM patient samples and cell lines to identify mutations that impact NF-κB activation.

Dr. Louis M. Staudt from the National Cancer Institute led a research group who revealed the importance of both the classical and alternative NF-κB pathways in MM pathogenesis. Most MM patient samples examined exhibited NF-κB pathway activation via diverse genetic abnormalities. Importantly, targeted disruption of the classical NF-κB signaling blocked myeloma proliferation and induced cell death. These genetic and functional data provide a molecular framework for the rational development of NF-κB pathway inhibitors for the therapy of MM, offers Dr. Staudt.

In a separate study, Dr. Rafael Fonseca, fro
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