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Dangerous custodians
Date:3/22/2010

e able to look directly into the brains of genetically modified mice that develop many of the symptoms characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in humans. The mice had also been engineered to make fluorescent forms of proteins that are specific for neurons and microglia, and the imaging technique enabled the researchers to monitor the fate of identifiable neurons and microglia over periods of weeks and months.

This approach made it possible, for the first time, to visualize the loss of nerve cells in the brains of living mice. Nerve loss was found to be preceded by the activation of microglia. "We assume that the sick nerve cells near plaques secrete a chemical messenger that induces the microglia to home in on them", says Herms. "The best candidate for the messenger responsible is the chemokine fractalikine, which docks onto a receptor protein on the surface of the microglial cells." Indeed, when this receptor was genetically eliminated, nerve cell loss was prevented.

These results demonstrate that microglia are not only involved in the removal of the amyloid aggregates typical of Alzheimer's disease, they also contribute actively to the catastrophic loss of nerve cells. In this picture, the communication channel between nerve cell and microglia that is mediated by the fractalkine receptor plays a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. "The new findings could possibly lead to new therapeutic approaches to preventing neuron loss", says Herms.


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Contact: Dr. Jochen Herms
Jochen.Herms@med.uni-muenchen.de
49-892-180-78010
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen
Source:Eurekalert

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