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CSHL scientists identify and repress breast cancer stem cells in mouse tissue
Date:12/17/2007

whose existence in diverse tissues including breast, lung, brain and colon, as well as in the blood, has been demonstrated in a line of research stretching back to 2001. In that year, John E. Dick of the University of Toronto identified cancer stem cells in the blood of leukemia patients.

The cancer stem cell hypothesis is controversial, in part, because of the challenge it represents for current cancer therapy, which regards all tumor cells as potentially capable of spreading the disease, and which seeks to reduce tumor mass and destroy the maximum possible number of tumor cells. In the cancer stem cell hypothesis, reduction of tumor volume alone will not suffice if the stem cells which originally gave rise to the cancer are not specifically targeted and destroyed.

The new Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory research not only suggests one possible way of accomplishing this therapeutic goal the Hannon lab is initiating a demonstration study in mice but it also demonstrated that one component of a chemotherapy cocktail currently used as first-line therapy against certain kinds of breast cancer has the potential to actually enrich the subpopulation of stem-like cells that serve as cancer progenitors.

We found that administration of cyclophosphamide in our mouse cell sample had the effect of enriching for these cells, Hannon said, which suggests that we need to look carefully at these therapies in model systems to see if the effects we see in cell culture are mirrored in real tumors and then, to gauge what effect that has on metastasis and relapse following therapy.

It has been known for some time that stem and progenitor cells possess unique defenses, as compared with mature, or differentiated cells, which, unlike their stem-like mothers do not have the capacity to renew themselves or to generate multiple cell-types. Stem cells, for instance, are thought to be able to pump toxins out of their cellular domain, much as do fully differe
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Contact: Jim Bono
bono@cshl.edu
516-367-8455
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Source:Eurekalert

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