"Nucleolus", or small nucleus, is the term coined by early biologists for the tiny structure within the nucleus which they saw under the microscope. In this structure within the nucleus, RNA molecules and proteins are assembled to form ribosomes, the true protein factories of cells.
Defective nucleoli have been implicated in several rare hereditary diseases, most recently also in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Despite intense research efforts around the world, the molecular causes of Parkinson's disease are still unclear. Under the leadership of Dr. Rosanna Parlato, scientists from the departments of Professor Dr. Guenther Schuetz and Professor Dr. Ingrid Grummt at DKFZ have investigated whether the demise of nucleoli also plays a role in this disease, which is also known as "shaking palsy".
The investigators studied dopamine-producing neurons in the brain of Parkinson's disease patients under the microscope. When Parkinson's disease occurs, this type of cells malfunctions and dies, causing the characteristic palsy symptoms. Indeed, the majority of nucleoli in these cells were found to be defective.
This discovery caused the group to investigate whether disrupted nucleoli may really cause Parkinson's-like symptoms or whether this was only an incidental finding. To this end, they modified the DNA of mice in such a way that the dopamine-producing cells of the experimental animals could only form defective nucleoli. These mice showed symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease, such as characteristically impaired movements. In addition, the dopamine-producing neurons in their brain died prematurely.
In order to find out why these symptoms occur, the researchers took a closer look at all functions of the genetically modified cells. And they found an important change: The activity of the mTOR enzyme, a key regulator of intracellular signaling pathways, was reduced in the genetically modif
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| Contact: Dr. Sibylle Kohlstaedt s.kohlstaedt@dkfz.de Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Source:Eurekalert |
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