Substrate

where E = enzyme, S = substrate(s), P = product(s)
Note that only the middle step is irreversible.
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The word substrate can mean the following:
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme.
In industrial printing, substrate is used to describe the base material that images will be printed onto.
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Chapter 4
Substrate specificity and inducibility of TACE (tumour necrosis factor b-converting enzyme) revisited: the Ala-Val preference, and induced intrinsic activity ...
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Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
The formation of ATP in the cytoplasm is substrate-level phosphorylation.
Energy from a high-energy substrate is used to transfer a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
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substrate: the substance changed or acted on by an enzyme.
survival of the fittest: the concept of natural selection that states that the fittest survive and spread their traits through a population.
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substrate -- "Supporting surface" on which an organism grows. The substrate may simply provide structural support, or may provide water and nutrients. A substrate may be inorganic, such as rock or soil, or it may be organic, such as wood.
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Substrate
A chemical recognized by an enzyme.
Substution mutation
A mutation that replaces one nucleotide in a DNA sequence with another nucleotide.
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substrate-level phosphorylation
The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
succession ...
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substrate feeders Animals such as earthworms or termites that eat the soil or wood through which they burrow.
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substrate-level phosphorylation The generation of ATP by coupling strongly exergonic reactions with the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
subtidal zone The bottom above the continental shelf .
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The only known substrates of neddylation are Cullin family proteins,Cul1, Cul2, Cul3, Cul4A, Cul4B,and Cul5, which have been shown to be modified by Nedd8 in mammalian cells (Osaka et al. 1998; Hori et al. 1999).
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Our aim is to alter substrate specificity in T7 RNA polymerase for efficient incorporation of dNTPs and other nucleotide analogs.
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in the absence of a substrate (lactose in our example) or
the presence of an essential metabolite (tryptophan is our example).
However, some gene transcription in E. coli is under positive control.
Positive Control of Transcription: CAP ...
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A natural or synthetic RNA molecule that cuts an RNA substrate. Cation. A positively charged ion. cDNA. DNA synthesized from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase. cDNA library. A library composed of complementary copies of cellular mRNAs.
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channeling The direct transfer of a reaction product from the active site of one enzyme directly to the active site of a different enzyme, where it serves as a substrate.
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Edaphic factor: A permanent or nearly permanent condition of the substrate that influences the types of plants that grow in an area.
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Homopolymer tailing Extension of the 3' ends of a piece of double-stranded DNA using the enzyme terminal transferase and a single deoxynucleoside triphosphate as substrate, resulting in a 3' overhang composed of a single base repeat.
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Typically an enzyme is optimized to perform a simple chemical operation on another chemical (the substrate). However it can also perform operations with much less efficiency on other substrates.
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When you added the substrate, there's no enzyme there to change its color and so it will stay yellow. If the reporter gene has been turned on, then that enzyme will be there and it will start turning the substrate red.
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Addition to the purified plasmid DNA of phage (T7, T3 or SP6) RNA polymerase and the 4 NTP substrates leads to in vitro transcription.
A linear (faster) and circular (slower) form of the intron are released.
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These researchers argue that the combinatorial nature of transcriptional regulation allows a rich substrate for morphological diversity, since variations in the level, pattern, or timing of gene expression, ...
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An enzyme that cleaves its nucleic acid substrate at internal sites in the nucleotide or base sequence. See also restriction enzyme.
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Endonuclease: An enzyme that cleaves its nucleic acid substrate at internal sites (as opposed to an exonuclease, which must start at an end) in the nucleotide sequence. Examples include the restriction enzymes, DNase I and RNase A.
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Catalytic RNA (ribozyme). A natural or synthetic RNA molecule that cuts an RNA substrate.
Cation. A positively charged ion.
cDNA. DNA synthesized from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase.
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Usually these are small plants (less than 5 cm high) attached to moist or wet substrates by rhizoids; this is the sporophyte generation.
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Kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to DNA, protein or other substrates.
Related
Phosphatase ...
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coenzymes - Small molecule tightly associated with an enzyme that participates in the reaction that the enzyme catalyzes, often by forming a transient covalent bond to the
substrate.
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They extend the DNA using
deoxyribonucleotide
triphosphates (
dNTP
) as substrates and releasing pyrophosphates. The
dNMPs
are added to the 3' OH end of the growing strand (thus, DNA replication proceeds from 5' to 3' end).
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