Prophage

A prophage is a phage genome inserted as part of the linear structure of the DNA chromosome of a bacterium. A temperate phage integrated into the host chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid.
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Prophage
A prophage is a temperate phage in its integrated status. Its genome can be integrated into the bacterial host chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid. When stress in the host is detected, the phage enters its reproductive cycle.
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Prophage
A temperate phage genome whose lytic functions are repressed and which replicates in synchrony with the bacterial chromosome.
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prophage
A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome.
prophase ...
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When a prophage is passed into an F- cell during conjugation it may begin vegetative growth. The sudden release of a lysogenic phage from an Hfr chromosome when the prophage enters the F-(minus) cell, and the subsequent lysis of the recipient cell.
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What does the prophage do while it is a part of its host genome? It can express certain of its genes. For example, the gene that encodes diphtheria toxin is the property of a prophage in the diphtheria bacillus, not of the bacillus itself.
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Genes within the prophage will be expressed providing their promoters are active.
Marker A gene which, on expression, allows easy identification of cells which carry it.
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The lysogenic cycle occurs when the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA as a prophage. When the cell replicates the prophage is passed along as if it were host DNA.
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The integrated phage, called a prophage, can confer new properties to the bacterium. For example, strains of Corynebacterium diptheriae, which have undergone lysogenic conversion, synthesize the toxin in diphtheria that damages human cells.
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However, prophage have been recognized in the Ferroplasma genome sequence and acidophilic phage have been detected in the biofilm community. Phage may be important vectors for gene exchange.
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