Invertebrates

Invertebrates
Brachiopods continued their diversification in the Devonian seas. One important group, the spiriferids, produced shells with elongated hinges, as seen in the image below.
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Invertebrates
Sea urchin
Round worm Caenorhabditis elegans
Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila embryogenesis) ...
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Invertebrates
The earthworm doesn't actually have a "heart". It has five aortic arches that can serve the same purpose.
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invertebrates: the most primitive of the chordates; lack a backbone.
involuntary muscle: see smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
islets of Langerhans: clusters of cells that make up the endocrine portion of the pancreas.
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Invertebrates
Tapeworms
Blood flukes
Games Parasites Play (some interesting interactions between host and parasite).
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invertebrates Animals without backbones.
involucre Whorl of bracts that subtend a flower or an inflorescence.
involuntary Nervous system Stimulates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands of the body.
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In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues.
hepatic
[Gk. hepatikos, liver] ...
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Most invertebrates have a single cluster of homeotic genes. In Drosophila that cluster is broken in two. Vertebrates have four copies of the cluster, strongly suggesting that the cluster had been duplicated twice in vertebrates.
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larva -- Among invertebrates, an immature stage in the life cycle which usually is much smaller than, and morphologically different from, the adult. In insects with metamorphosis, the larva must become a pupa before reaching adulthood.
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Animal - kingdom composed of multicellular organisms divided into two divisions: vertebrates and invertebrates, who obtain their food from external sources and reproduce sexually or asexually ...
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Two classes of intracellular lectins involved in glycoprotein trafficking are present in yeast, model invertebrates and vertebrates, and two other classes are present in vertebrates only.
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As in vertebrate vision, visual transduction in invertebrates occurs via a G protein-coupled pathway. However, in vertebrates the G protein is transducin, while the G protein in invertebrates is Gq (dgq in Drosophila).
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Many invertebrates are similarly well endowed, and last I heard, the mantis shrimp was the winner of the contest of who has the largest number of photoreceptor classes.
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Analogous genes are not found in invertebrates, such as the worm, fly, and yeast. This suggests that these genes were acquired at a more recent evolutionary moment, perhaps after the birth of vertebrates.
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Genes for the family of histone proteins are clustered near one another in Drosophila melanogaster (above) and other invertebrates.
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haemocoel
The body cavity of invertebrates, arthropods, and mollusks. As to the coelom, the haemocoel never opens to the exterior and it does not contain germ cells.
Covered in Lab 12 Animal Diversity II ...
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Reverse Bohr effect. Effect that occurs when lactate builds up in the blood of certain invertebrates and pH decreases, increasing the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen ...
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: Having both male and female sexual organs in one individual. Most invertebrates and plants are hermaphrodites. Union of the gametes of the same individual (self-fertilization) is the most extreme example of inbreeding.
Heterogametic sex ...
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microbial pesticides. Pesticides that consist of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or other microorganisms used for control of weeds, invertebrates, or plant pathogens.
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