In vitro

in vitro
"in glass"; outside of the living body; in the test tube
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
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PCR (in vitro DNA amplification)
Described as being to genes what Gutenberg's printing press was to the written word, ...
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In vitro, neddylation of Cul1 is required for ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha and p27Kip1 (Morimoto, 2000; Podust, 2000; Read, 2000). In addition, neddylation enhances E2-ubiquitin recruitment to SCF.
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Ooplasmic Transfer
Birth and Lactation
Birth Control ...
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In vitro transcripts with 5' caps electroporated into tobacco protoplasts are 2-4 times more stable than transcripts without caps. Similarly, transcripts with poly(A) tails are 2-3 times more stable than transcripts without tails (ref).
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In vitro
In some respects, dendritic cells cultured in vitro do not show the same behavior or capability as dendritic cells isolated ex vitro, but they are often used for research, as they are still much more readily available than genuine DCs.
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In vitro
Outside a living organism. In a glass (test-tube). Antonym: in vivo.
Cloning ...
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In vitro packaging
Synthesis of infective phage particles from a preparation of phage capsid proteins and a concatamer of phage DNA molecules.
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in vitro fertilization
(vee-troh)
Fertilization of ova in laboratory containers followed by artificial implantation of the early embryo in the mother's uterus.
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IN VITRO TRANSLATION - See RETICULOCYTE LYSATE.
kb - 'kilobase"
KILOBASE - Unit of 1000 nucleotide bases, either RNA or DNA.
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In vitro: Literally means "in glass", e.g., test tube; now used to mean growth in any type of culture vessel; Outside a living organism.
In vivo: In living organism
K ...
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To replicate DNA in vitro, PCR takes advantage of a special property of the molecule: the hydrogen bonds. These bonds, which bind the complementary strands of DNA together in a double helix, are broken at elevated temperatures (about 95 C).
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To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaerobe. An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. See Aerobe.
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DNA sequencing -- "plus and minus" or "primed synthesis" method, developed by Sanger, DNA is synthesized in vitro in such a way that it is radioactively labeled and the reaction terminates specifically at the position corresponding to a given base; ...
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-in stuff in vitro Literally, "in glass" meaning in the test tube. in vivo Literally, "in life" meaning in a living cell or organism.
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Filamentous bacteriophages are used to produce single-stranded DNA for sequencing or in vitro mutagenesis (eg. M13), and as vectors for Phage display expression screening systems ...
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This is owing to the inherent difficulties in folding these hydrophobic proteins in vitro, which, in turn, reflects the often apparently insurmountable problem of mimicking the natural membrane bilayer with lipid or detergent mixtures.
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A knockout experiment involves the creation and manipulation of a DNA construct in vitro, which, in a simple knockout, consists of a copy of the desired gene which has been slightly altered such as to cripple its function.
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Plasmids can be genetically modified in vitro then inserted into bacteria that are grown in a culture to produce large amounts of protein using genes encoded on a plasmid. The proteins produced vary widely, some of them are for example antibiotics.
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(cDNA): Single-stranded DNA produced from an RNA template (usually mRNA) by
reverse transcriptase
in vitro. It lacks the introns present in corresponding genomic DNA. It is most commonly made to use in PCR to amplify RNA (
RT
-PCR).
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Enzyme that catalysis the joining of two DNA fragments with compatible ends. Ligase is required for DNA replication and recombination. Ligase used for in vitro ligation is usually purified from bacteria.
Related
Compatible ends Ligation ...
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About 40 of the cases are due to male problems, 40 due to female problems and the remaining 20% are caused by some unknown agent(s). In vitro fertilization (test-tube babies) is a widely used technique to aid infertile couples.
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artificially acquired passive immunity The type of immunity that results from introducing antibodies that have been produced either in another animal or by specific in vitro methods into an animal.
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Cosmids, however, have a cos site, and thus can be packaged into l phage heads (a reaction which can be performed in vitro ) to allow efficient introduction into bacteria (you'll have to look up the cos site elsewhere).
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A myosin bundle, therefore, has a central, bare zone without projecting heads and an array of protruding heads of opposite polarity at each end.
Thick filaments will self-assemble in vitro under the right ionic conditions.
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