Gene families

List of gene families
This is a list of gene families or gene complexes, that is sets of genes which occur across a number of different species which often serve similar biological functions.
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Gene families: Groups of closely related genes that make similar products.
Gene mapping: Determining the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule.
Gene product: The biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene.
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Gene families are made up of similar, but not identical, genes. The globin family is the best studied gene family. Hemoglobin consists, in humans, of 2 a-chains and 2 b-chains clustered about a common heme.
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MHC gene families are found in essentially all vertebrates, though the gene composition and genomic arrangement vary widely.
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Multigene Families
Some genes are present in many identical or very similar copies called multigene families.
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Probes for known members of multi-gene families were used to examine the extent of cross hybridization.
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Gene families are groups of genes related, but not necessarily identical, in structure. The members of the family can have functions that are identical or similar.
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Ontogeny
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
List of gene families
Important publications in evolutionary developmental biology ...
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All intermediate stages can be found in nature, from a single gene with alternate alleles to nearly identical duplicated genes with slightly different functional alleles to gene families of evolutionarily related genes with different functionalities.
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It's about the same size actually as Chromosomes 21 and 22. But perhaps to even to a more striking degree it's got a relatively low content of genes. Our present understanding is that the Y carries about 40 or so distinct genes or gene families.
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