DNA replication

DNA replication or DNA synthesis is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA strand in a cell, prior to cell division. In eukaryotes, this is during the S phase of the cell cycle, preceding mitosis and meiosis.
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DNA Replication Complex Revealed in Exquisite Detail
A team of Harvard Medical School researchers have established the 3-dimensional, atom-by-atom structure of T7 DNA polymerase at work.
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DNA Replication
Before a cell can divide, it must duplicate all its DNA. In eukaryotes, this occurs during S phase of the cell cycle.
The Steps: ...
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DNA replication or DNA synthesis is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA strand, prior to cell division (in eukaryotes, during the S phase of mitosis and meiosis).
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Dr. Lawrence Brody, of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Genetic and Molecular Biology Branch, defines DNA replication.
illustrated:
View illustration ...
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DNA replication involves:
Unwinding
The DNA must be unwound and bonds between the bases broken so that the two strands become separated.
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DNA replication for the lagging strand is discontinuous and away from the replication fork. The small fragments synthesized are called Okazaki fragments and later stitched together by DNA Ligase.
Related ...
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DNA Replication-the short story
DNA Detail
The Search for DNA-The Birth of Molecular Biology ...
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DNA replication: The use of existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands.
DNA sequence: The relative order of base pairs in any sample of DNA. See base sequence analysis.
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DNA replication involves a great many building blocks, enzymes and a great deal of ATP energy (remember that after the S phase of the cell cycle cells have a G phase to regenerate energy for cell division).
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DNA replication: the process by which cells replicate or synthesize their DNA; takes place during S phase of the cell division cycle.
domestic breeding: a process of directed evolution that brings about new forms that differ from ancestral stock.
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DNA replication: The use of existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands. In humans and other eukaryotes, replication occurs in the cell nucleus.
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A model of DNA replication that accounts for a circular DNA molecule producing linear daughter double helices.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
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Errors during DNA replication may lead to the duplication of a gene, which may diverge over time. Though the two sequences may remain the same or be only slightly altered, they are typically regarded as separate genes (i.e.
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Related Terms: DNA replication
The process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA, using existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands.
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Proofreading
Removal of mismatched base pairs during DNA replication by the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase, followed by resynthesis.
Protease
An enzyme that degrades proteins to peptides or amino acids.
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Errors in DNA replication can also lead to mutations. Certain gene products repair damage to chromosomes, thereby minimizing mutations in the cell.
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For example, most living things have evolved elaborate molecular machinery that checks for and corrects errors during the process of DNA replication, keeping their mutation rate down to acceptably low levels; conversely, ...
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85-96 10 Chromatin-remodelling factors and the maintenance of transcriptional states through DNA replication Sofia Aligianni and Patrick Varga-Weisz..........
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Origin of replication (ori ) Section of DNA sequence which is recognised by a cell's DNA replication proteins, allowing initiation of new DNA synthesis.
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short DNA fragment found during discontinuous DNA replication
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
What Topic Is Your BIOLOGY Paper On?
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Due to polymerase slip (a.k.a. polymerase chatter), during DNA replication there is a slight chance these repeat sequences may become altered; copies of the repeat unit can be created or removed.
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A short sequence (of RNA or DNA) from which DNA replication can initiate. May be either a synthetic DNA or RNA or a length of RNA synthesized in vivo by primase.
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DNA helicase - an enzyme that participates in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix near the replication fork
DNA ligase - fills in nicks and gaps made in polynucleotide strands ...
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A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.
DNA methylation ...
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The number of Tn10 transposons in E. coli genomes is maintained at a constant low level.
DNA replication is required for Tn10 transposition.
The inverted repeats of IS10R contain a GATC sequence, a target of dam methylation.
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polytene chromosome - large chromosome resulting from repeated DNA replication and alignment of homologs in the absence of mitosis; found in salivary glands and some other tissues of dipteran insects.
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Replicon. A chromosomal region containing the DNA sequences necessary to initiate DNA replication processes.
Repressor. A DNA-binding protein in prokaryotes that blocks gene transcription by binding to the operator.
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: One of the bacterial DNA
topoisomerases
that functions during DNA replication to reduce molecular tension caused by
supercoiling
(
supertwisting
). DNA
gyrase
produces, then seals, double-stranded breaks.
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nucleus -- Membrane-bound organelle which contains the DNA in the form of chromosomes. It is the site of DNA replication, and the site of RNA synthesis.
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meiosis Process of cell division by which egg and sperm cells are formed, involving a diminution in the amount of genetic material. Comprises two successive nuclear divisions with only one round of DNA replication, ...
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origin The nucleotide sequence or site in DNA where DNA replication is initiated.
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A chromosomal region containing the DNA sequences necessary to initiate DNA replication processes. Repressor. A DNA-binding protein in prokaryotes that blocks gene transcription by binding to the operator. Restriction endonuclease (enzyme).
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