Cuticle

cuticle
transparent covering
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
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The cuticle is mostly composed of cutin and waxes. "The waxy sheet of cuticle also function in defense, forming a physical barrier that resists penetration by virus particles, bacterial cells, and the spores or growing filaments of fungi".
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cuticle -- 1) In animals, a multilayered, extracellular, external body covering, usually composed of fibrous molecules such as chitin or collagen, and sometimes strengthened by the deposition of minerals such as calcium carbonate. 2) A waxy layer ...
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cuticle A film composed of wax and cutin that occurs on the external surface of plant stems and leaves and helps to prevent water loss.
cyanobacteria Blue-green bacteria; unicellular or filamentous chains of cells that carry out photosynthesis.
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cuticle
(kyoo-teh-kul) [L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skin]
(1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
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cuticle Anoncellular, protective, organic layer secreted by the external epithelium (hypodermis) of many invertebrates; refers to the epidermis or skin in higher animals. Waterproof layer of cutin on leaves and nonwoody stems.
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Later ectopic expression, induced at late stage 11, inhibits rhomboid transcription only in the midventral region (Fig 3C), and if sibling embryos are left to develop, they make ectopic naked cuticle in the same region (Figure 3D).
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The upper surface is covered with a waxy, waterproof cuticle, which serves to reduce water loss from the leaf.
Palisade layer.
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The epidemis is usually transparent (epidermal cells lack chloroplasts) and coated on the outer side with a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss.
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Integument: The outer covering of the insect body that includes the cuticle and the epidermis.
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Later, evolutionary developments such as a waxy cuticle allowed some plants to exploit more inland environments. Still mosses lack true vascular tissue to transport fluids and nutrients.
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