Chromosomes

Chromosomes are morphologically variable. They condense and decondense.
The condensed form occurs during genetic events such as fertilization and cell division.
Special structural features of condensed chromosomes suggest special functions.
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The X and Y chromosomes are called the sex chromosomes.)
Discussion of sex chromosomes ...
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chromosomes that are identical in their content of gene loci, though not necessarily the same alleles
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
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Chromosomes
This photograph shows a person's 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair. You can tell by the presences of the "Y" chromosome that this person is male.
Chapter 2 ...
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Chromosomes of amphibian oocytes having loops suggestive of a lampbrush. Large chromosomes found in amphibian eggs, with lateral DNA loops, extending from chromomeres, producing a brushlike appearance under the microscope.
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Condensed X chromosomes, called Barr bodies, are visible using ordinary light microscope techniques.
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Chromosomes in bacteria
Bacterial chromosomes are often circular but sometimes linear. Some bacteria have one chromosome, while others have a few. Bacterial DNA also exists as plasmids.
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chromosomes - structure composed of a very long DNA molecule and associated proteinsthat carries part (or all) of that hereditary information of an organism.
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Chromosomes are divided into genes, each gene being a stretch of DNA, i.e., a sequence of nucleotides (A,G,C,T for short). The location of a gene is called a locus. (The position of a nucleotide within a gene is called a site.
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Chromosomes
Structures in the cell nucleus, each containing the DNA for many hundred genes, packaged with proteins.
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Chromosomes
Immediately after DNA replication a human cell will have 46 "double chromosomes". In each double chromosome there are two copies of that chromosome's DNA molecule.
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chromosomes: linear units of DNA.
chyme: a soupy liquid formed in the stomach from the churning of the bolus with gastric juices.
circulatory system: the transport system in animals.
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chromosomes Structures in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that consist of DNA molecules that contain the genes. PICTURE ...
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Chromosomes: A condensed, fibrillar, self- replicating genetic structures of cells containing the cellular DNA that bears in its nucleotide sequence the linear array of genes.
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Sex chromosomes: The X and Y chromosomes in human beings that determine the sex of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one X an d one Y. Single strand: One half of a DNA double helix.
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sex chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
sex-linked genes ...
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Sex chromosomes are a relatively recent invention. Our ancestors in the tree of evolution did not have two sex chromosomes that are fully differentiated the way we know them with an X and a Y chromosomes.
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between chromosomes,
genes and alleles and their role in sex determination
- ...
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Parts of chromosomes showing the normal cycle of condensation and normal staining properties at nuclear divisions (Gk. eu = true).
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polytene chromosomes Chromosomes in the somatic cells of some insects in which the chromatin replicates repeatedly without undergoing mitosis.
polyunsaturated fat A fat having several to many double bonds between carbon atoms.
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homologous chromosomes
chromosome pairs of the same length centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same traits at corresponding loci.
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n interphase chromosomes, chromatin
fibers
are organized into 30 to 100 kb loops anchored in a supporting matrix within the nucleus.
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The number of chromosomes in most cells except the gametes. In humans, the diploid number is 46.
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HomologousChromosomes the two matching chromosomes of a pair (one from the father and one from the mother)
(homo = same like alike; logos = a word) ...
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The substance of chromosomes; now known to include DNA, chromosomal proteins, and chromosomal RNA. The nucleoprotein material of the eukaryotic chromosome.
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Related Resources: Chromosomes and Gender
Chromosomes are long, stringy aggregates of genes that carry heredity information. Gender is determined by the presence or absence of certain chromosomes.
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Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid organism. (See DNA polymorphism.) Alternative mRNA splicing. The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts.
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Amniocentesis -- prenatal diagnosis method using cells in the amniotic fluid to determine the number and kind of chromosomes of the fetus and, when indicated, perform biochemical studies. Amniocyte -- cells obtained by amniocentesis.
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telomere A specialized and not well understood nucleic acid structure found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. temperate phage A phage whose DNA may be incorporated into the host-cell genome without being expressed.
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Anaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to pull to opposite poles of the cell
Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation, nonliving matter yielding life ...
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Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are the most commonly used form.
Auxotrophic mutant A bacterial strain which has a mutation in at least one of the enzymes in a biochemical pathway responsible for synthesising an essential substance, ...
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Some organisms are diploid - that is, they have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells, and thus contain two copies of each gene.
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The complete genetic content of a cell or organism, including chromosomes, plasmids, and prophages. The total genetic information of an organism.
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multiple chromosomes, and
a myotic cycle.
This classification includes animals, plants, and fungi.
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diploid -- Having two different sets of chromosomes in the same nucleus of each cell. Most metazoans and plants are diploid. Compare with haploid.
diploid life cycle -- Occurs when the only multicellular stage in an organism's life cycle is diploid.
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genomic DNA - nuclear DNA of the chromosomes.
genomic equivalence - concept that each cell in the body has the same genetic material and therefore all the information necessary to create a complete organism.
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A pair of homologous chromosomes closely adjacent to each other formed during the first meiotic division within a primary spermatocyte or oocyte.
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Heterochromatin. Dark-stained regions of chromosomes thought to be for the most part genetically inactive.
Heteroduplex. A double-stranded DNA molecule or DNA-RNA hybrid, where each strand is of a different origin.
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Meiosis: the process of cell division in which a single cell produces four daughter cells each of which contains half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
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PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (PFGE) - Separation of large (>50 kb) pieces of DNA, including complete chromosomes and genomes, by rapidly alternating the direction of electrophoretic migration in agarose gels.
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A short DNA sequence of a few hundred base pairs is required to support the autonomous replication of the chromosomes.
Related
YAC ...
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In modern research, genetics provides important tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, ...
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