Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts
A typical plant cell (e.g., in the palisade layer of a leaf) might contain as many as 50 chloroplasts.
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Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae which conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are similar to mitochondria but are found only in plants.
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Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have a double-membrane envelope, called the chloroplast envelope.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria still retain their own DNA, and may have evolved several times.
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Chloroplasts contain membranous disk-like structures called thylakoids that are stacked together in larger structures (grana) that resemble stacks of coins (see diagram below).
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells (cells of organisms other than bacteria, which do not have organelles). These organelles have their own genetic material.
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columbar cells with chloroplasts in the mesophyll tissues of leaves, just below the upper epidermis
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby
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chloroplasts Chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic organelles in some eukaryotic cells. chromatin A filamentous complex of DNA, histones, and other proteins, constituting the eukaryotic chromosome.
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Chlorophyll - the green material found in chloroplasts that is active in photosynthesis
Chloroplasts - membrane-bound organelles containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic organisms ...
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Cyanobacteria are close to the ancestors of chloroplasts, but cyanobacteria maintain fully functional respiratory and photosynthetic complexes in the same internal membrane system, the thylakoids.
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Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plants, carry their own small chromosomes, usually in multiple copies per organelle. These carry a limited number of genes which code for rRNA, tRNA and a few organelle proteins.
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The circular, superhelical double-strand DNA of the chloroplasts. The structure is two inverted repeats separating one small single copy and one large single copy. This structure is very similar in most plants, the size varies between 120 and 160 kb.
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The mechanism by which ADP is phosphorylated to ATP in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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granum Structures within chloroplasts, seen as green granules with the light microscope and as a series of stacked disk-shaped membranes with an electron microscope; ...
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thylakoids: membranes that make up the grana in chloroplasts; the actual site of photosynthesis within chloroplasts.
thymosins: hormones secreted by the thymus gland that influence the development of the T lymphocytes of the immune system.
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The energy molecule of cells, synthesized mainly in mitochondria and chloroplasts; energy from the breakdown of ATP drives many important reactions in the cell.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
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palisade chlorenchyma
the upper internal tissue of a plant leaf which are stacked side by side and contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. The chloroplasts lie close to the edge of the cell in order to gain maximum light and gas supply.
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Transformation of Chlamydomonas' chloroplasts by particle bombardment using cloned subfragments of wild type plastid DNA from the deleted region identified a small region that had the ability to complement the mutation.
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Chlorophyll several types of green photosynthetic pigments the chemical structure of which includes a porphyrin ring with magnesium in the center which are found in chloroplasts
(chloro = green; phyll = leaf) ...
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Revised "tree of life" with all groups divided into their domains. Includes information about lateral gene transfer and the endosymbiosis of bacteria that became mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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: A major component of a
plastid
in green plants and eukaryotic algae of any colour. It is involved in photosynthesis. Prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms do not have chloroplasts.
Chordata ...
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sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by different membrane structures, gene sequences, and metabolisms. One important type of bacteria is the cyanobacteria, which use chlorophyll for oxygenic photosynthesis. In fact, plant chloroplasts ...
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