Cell division

Cell division is the biological basis of life. For simple unicellular organisms such as the Amoeba, one cell division reproduces an entire organism.
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Cell Division and the Cell Cycle (University of Alberta): Similar to this page, but with its own glossary and questions.
Amoeba Proteus Mitosis Small photomicrographs of protistan mitosis.
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Cell division
Related Terms: Mitosis
The most frequent process of nuclear division (karyokinesis) in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
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Cell division does not happen until damage is repaired.
Transcription signals a strand-preferential repair.
Recombination and DNA repair can be induced by DNA damage.
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Cell Division
image credit: Conly Rieder and Alexey Khodjakov, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York; Rieder@Wadsworth.org. THIS IMAGE CANNOT BE REPRINTED WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE PERSON LISTED ABOVE.
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Cell division in multicellular organisms enables the organism to grow larger while the cells remain small. A large surface:volume ratio is due to small cell size.
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Cell division was originally appreciated primarily from a microscopic observation. You could see things happening and you could see primarily the chromosomes of the cell that contain the DNA, condensing at one time in the cell cycle and segregating.
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Cell division involves a single cell (called a mother cell) dividing into two daughter cells. This leads to growth in multicellular organisms (the growth of tissue) and to procreation (vegetative reproduction) in unicellular organisms.
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Lab 4 Cell Division
Lab 14 Gametogenesis and Development
haploid gametophyte
The part of the life cycle of plants having haploid nuclei and giving rise to the sex cells that on fusing produce a diploid stage, usually the sporophyte.
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somatic cell division resulting in two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome complement as the parent cell
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
What Topic Is Your BIOLOGY Paper On?
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meiotic Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
Meissner'scorpuscles Tactile sensory receptors in the superficial dermis.
melanin Black or dark-brown pigment found in plant or animal structures.
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The type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome.
binomial
[L. bi, twice, two + Gk. nomos, usage, law] ...
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interphase: the cell division cycle phase in which the cell spends most of its time; includes G1, S phase (DNA replication), and G2.
invertebrates: the most primitive of the chordates; lack a backbone.
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A serum protein that stimulates cell division when it binds to its cell-surface receptor. Growth phase (curve). The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time.
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So that it replicates and is segregated during cell division in the same way as a normal chromosome. The main uses are in preparation of genomic libraries since very large inserts (in the Mbp range) can be integrated.
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This involves cell division, cell migration, and the differentiation of cells into the many types found in the baby.
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meiosis -- A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms. In meiosis, a diploid cell divides to produce four haploid cells, each with half the original chromosome content.
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Two successive nuclear divisions (with corresponding cell divisions) that produce haploid gametes (in animals) or haploid sexual spores (in plants and fungi) having one-half of the genetic material of the original cell.
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The number of mutations per cell division. The mutation rate can be determined from a Luria-Dulbruck fluctuation analysis. Sometimes the mutant frequency is described instead of mutation rate.
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Meiosis: the process of cell division in which a single cell produces four daughter cells each of which contains half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
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mitosis The multistep process (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) in eukaryotic cells that results in the replication of chromosomes and cell division.
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The phase of mitosis, or cell division, when the chromosomes align along the center of the cell. Because metaphase chromosomes are highly condensed, scientists use these chromosomes for gene mapping and identifying chromosomal aberrations.
explained: ...
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The process of cell division in the zygote to form a multicellular embryo. There is usually no growth of cells (blastomeres) at this time so the cells decrease in volume by about 50% with each subsequent division.
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Definition: A two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce, which results in gametes with one-half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Related Resources: Genetics Glossary
Glossary of common genetics terms.
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Centromere: A specialized constricted region of a chromosome to which spindle fibers attach during cell division at which two sister chromatids (the two exact copies of each chromosome that are formed after replication) are joined, ...
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parthenogenesis - special reproductive strategy in which unfertilized eggs undergo cell division and embryogenesis to develop into viable adult individuals ("virgin birth").
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In mitosis, phosphorylation of structural proteins by Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1)-cyclin B, Polo-like and mitogen-activated protein kinases underlie changes in Golgi reorganization during cell division.
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Meiosis: The production of se x cells, which are not genetically identical, through a series of cell divisions. Compare to mitosis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA): A single-stranded molecule of ribonucleic acid that directs protein production.
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Note that for humans, the number of cell divisions prior to sperm formation in a male of age 30 is about 400. This works out to about 1.6 mutations per sperm cell.
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Meiosis a special cell division resulting in sex cells with half as many chromosomes
(meio = less; -sis = the act of) ...
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meristem. The collection of cells at the growing point of a plant that are capable of cell division.
metamorphosis. The change in form that takes place as insects grow from immatures to adults.
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- All the cells derived from a single cell by repeated cell division and having the same genetic constitution.
Cnidaria
: See
Coelamata
.
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A second type of cloning exploits the natural process of cell division to make many copies of an entire cell. The genetic makeup of these cloned cells, called a cell line, is identical to the original cell.
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Note that putrescine is synthesized by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division.
See also
Cadaverine ...
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