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Bacteriophages


Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are not surrounded by a membrane as the animal-infecting viruses discussed above.
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bacteriophages Viruses that attack and kill bacterial cells; composed only of DNA and protein. PICTURE
bark The outer layer of the stems of woody plants; composed of an outer layer of dead cells (cork) and an inner layer of phloem. PICTURE ...
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Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle, however a few viruses are capable of carrying out both.
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Bacteriophages produced within bacteria growing in radioactive culture medium will themselves be radioactive.
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bacteriophages
a type of virus that infects bacteria. Infection with a bacteriophage may or may not lead to the death of the bacterium, depending on the phage and sometimes on conditions. Each bacteriophage is specific to one form of bacterium.
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Some bacteriophages contribute to the virulence of bacterial infections. Certain phages can enter an alternate life cycle called lysogeny. In this cycle, all the virus's DNA becomes integrated into the genome of the host bacterium.
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Model bacteriophages
Following is a list of bacteriophages that are extensively studied:
λ phage - Lysogen
T4 phage (169 to 170 kbp, 200 nm long)
T7 phage
R17 phage
M13 phage - Phagemid ...
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" The classic example is the cloning vector, which may be circular DNA molecules derived from bacteria or from bacteriophages (viruslike parasites of bacteria), or artificial chromosomes constructed from yeast or bacterial genomic DNA.
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Filamentous bacteriophages are used to produce single-stranded DNA for sequencing or in vitro mutagenesis (eg. M13), and as vectors for Phage display expression screening systems ...
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When bacteriophages infect cells, proteins are produced that package replicated phage genomes into new phage particles. In the example at left the lysogenic P1 phage resident in a leu+ bacterium is induced.
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A general term for any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome, exit, and relocate; includes insertion sequences, transposons, some bacteriophages, and controlling element.
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cosmid A cloning vector, used for cloning large DNA fragments; generally contains segments derived from bacteriophages and various plasmids. cotransport The simultaneous transport, by a single transporter, of two solutes across a membrane.
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