Acids

Acids and Bases
Acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions, H+) to bases.
Bases are substances that accept protons from acids.
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amino acids
Organic acids containing an amino (NH2) group; the subunits of protein molecules. There are 20 common amino acids.
Source: Curtis, Helena. 1968. Biology. New York, NY. Worth Publishers ...
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Dr. Lawrence Brody, of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Genetic and Molecular Biology Branch, defines amino acids.
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Amino acids vary in their ability to form the various secondary structure elements.
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Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon (carbon and hydrogen) chain with a carboxyl (acid) group. The chains usually contain 16 to 18 carbons.
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acids: compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when the compounds are placed in water.
actin: a protein filament within the sarcomeres of muscle cells.
action: potential occurs when a neuron is displaying a nerve impulse.
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Antacids chemicals consumed by people to react with stomach acid to change the pH of the stomach contents to a neutral pH
(anti = against opposite; acid = sour sharp)
Anterior front or head end of an organism
(ante = before) ...
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Amino acids bind by forming a peptide bond.
Linear polymers of amino acids are called polypeptides.
Large polypeptides are called proteins.
A restricted set of 20 amino acids constitute the universal building blocks of proteins.
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Amino acids: Small molecules that form the building blocks of proteins.
Autosome: All chro mosomes except those involved in sex determination.
Bacteria: Tiny one-celled organisms.
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AMINO ACIDS - The 20 basic building blocks of proteins, consisting of the basic formula NH2-CHR-COOH, where "R" is the side chain which defines the amino acid: ...
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amino acids - serve as the subunits for proteins and consist of both a carboxylic acid group as well as an amino acid group.
base - a molecule that accepts H+ ion (proton) ...
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Amino acids are biochemical building blocks. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptides which in turn form structures called proteins.
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Amino acids. Basic structural unit of proteins
Anadromous fish. Fish that spends most of its life feeding in the open ocean but that migrates to spawn in fresh water
Anoxic. Lacking oxygen.
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Amino acids
: Building blocks of peptides. Each amino acid is encoded by DNA. See
Amino Acids
and
Biochemical Grouping of Amino Acids
.
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amino acids The subunits (monomers) from which proteins (polymers) are assembled. Each amino acid consists of an amino functional group, and a carboxyl acid group, and differs from other amino acids by the composition of an R group. PICTURE ...
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Nucleic Acids Sequence Search Page has added BEAUTY-X, a BLASTX version of BEAUTY that adds sequence family membership and conserved and annotated domain information to BLAST searches.
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Nucleic acids. The two nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are made up of long chains of molecules called nucleotides. See DNA, RNA, Nucleotides.
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The amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must obtain from food. Eight amino acids are essential in the human adult.
estivation
(es-teh-vay-shun) ...
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Only two amino acids are specified by a single codon; one of these is the amino-acid methionine, specified by the codon AUG, which also specifies the start of transcription; the other is tryptophan, specified by the codon UGG.
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A form of fatty acids that our body derives from food that have anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to convert into anti-inflammatory prostaglandins.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
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Two or more amino acids joined by a peptide bond.
Related Terms: Amino acid ...
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A group of three nucleotides that specifies addition of one of the 20 amino acids during translation of an mRNA into a polypeptide. Strings of codons form genes and strings of genes form chromosomes.
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Amino acid sequence -- the linear order of the amino acids in a protein or peptide.
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peptide Two or more amino acids covalently joined by peptide bonds. peptide bond A planar, amide linkage between the a-amino group of one amino acid and the a-carboxyl group of another, with the elimination of a molecule of water.
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5' or 3' end The nucleoside residues which form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkages between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next.
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The messenger RNA (mRNA), the product of transcription and splicing, carries the code for the order of insertion of amino acids. This genetic code is a triplet code without punctuation.
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We have examined the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) upon mitochondrial Ca2+ content and dehydrogenase activation in the rat heart.
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Alterations in amino acids that may be distant from each other in the primary sequence can lead to changes in folding.
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This technique was used, for example, in the work of Steffen Schulze-Kremer, who wrote a genetic algorithm to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on the sequence of amino acids that go into it (Mitchell 1996, p. 62).
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Adaptor molecules which translate the triplet code from the mRNA sequence into the corresponding chain of amino acids. tRNAs are short (about 74-95 bases), single-stranded RNA molecules that contain a high proportion of modified nucleosides.
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Nuclease: An enzyme which degrades nucleic acids. A nuclease can be DNA-specific (a DNase), RNA-specific (RNase) or non-specific.
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fatty acid Any of a series of saturated organic acids having the general formula CnH2nO2, occurs in natural fats of animals and plants.
fault A crack in the earth's crust usually formed when two pieces of crust are moving past each other.
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nucleotide -- unit from which nucleic acids are constructed by polymerization. It contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. ATP is a nucleotide.
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Pyrimidine: A nitrogen containing, single ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
Radioactive phosphorus (32P): radioactive isotope of 31P, an element found in DNA molecules.
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A class of small RNAs used by the cell to carry amino acids to the enzyme complex (the ribosome) which builds proteins, using an mRNA as a guide.
Other Resources
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fat (triacylglycerol)
A biological compound consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.
Covered in Lab 6 Unicellular and Filamentous Organization
femur
The thigh bone of tetrapods.
Covered in Lab 13 Animal Diversity III ...
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Protein - a complex molecule found in numerous cellular structures that is composed of amino acids
Protist cell - kingdom containing organisms with eukaryotic cells that are unicellular and multicellular and reproduce sexually and asexually ...
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