Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the chemistry of life. Biochemists study the molecules and chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes that take place in all living organisms. See the article on molecular biology for a diagram and description of the interrelationship between biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics.

Biochemistry is the study of the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. Recently biochemistry has focused more specifically on the chemistry of enzyme-mediated reactions, and on the properties of proteins.

The biochemistry of cell metabolism has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction.

Development of biochemistry

The dawn of biochemistry may have been the discovery of the first enzyme, diastase, in 1833 by Anselme Payen. In 1828, Friedrich Whler published a paper about the synthesis of urea, proving that organic compounds can be created artificially, in contrast to the common belief of the time that organic compounds could only be made by living organisms. It is generally accepted that the term biochemistry was coined in 1903 by Carl Neuber, a German chemist. Since then, biochemistry has advanced, especially since the mid-20th century, with the development of new techniques such as chromatography, X-ray diffraction, NMR, radioisotopic labelling, electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques allowed for the discovery and detailed analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle).

Today, the findings of biochemistry are used in many areas, from genetics to molecular biology and from agriculture to medicine. The first application of biochemistry was probably the making of bread using yeast, about 5000 years ago.

Subdisciplines

Biochemistry is principally concerned with the chemistry of substances that can be classified into a few major categories:

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins and Amino acids
• DNA, RNA and Nucleic acids

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There seems to be no reference whatsoever to Dr. Wilhelm Schuessler, who discovered the 12 essential mineral elements of which the body is both composed and requires for life. Schuessler was a German Scientist, homoeopath and Medical Doctor who lived in Oldenburg Germany ( 1821 - 1898 )and considered the father of Biochemistry having worked with many such as Rudolf Virchow (cellular pathology) The first biochemic association was founded in Oldenburg on July 17th 1885.The Institute of Biochemistry (Schuessler) Biochemischer Bund Deutschland (Ev) is still "alive and well" with web page at www.biochemie-online.de Further information may be obtained in the English language by contacting The Institute of Biochemic medicine (Asia Pacific) A branch of the Biochemischer Bund Deutschland - which is located in Australia biochemics@bigpond.com.au

See also

• Biochemistry key topics
• List of biochemistry topics
• Molecular biology
• List of biomolecules
• List of biochemists
• Important publications in biochemistry (biology)
• Important publications in biochemistry (chemistry)
• List of geneticists & biochemists
• Chemical ecology

External links

• The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology