Upstream

Upstream/Downstream
Refers to 5' or 3' to a reference point in RNA. In double-stranded DNA, upstream/downstream is relative to a transcription unit: up to down is the direction of transcription.
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A convention on DNA related to the position and direction of transcription by RNA polymerase (5'3'). Downstream (or 3' to) is in the direction of transcription whereas upstream (5' to) is in the direction from which the polymerase has come.
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Upstream
A sequence located in front of a particular site relative to the direction of transcription and translation (i.e. located in the 5' direction relative to a particular site).
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Upstream
The region extending in the 5' direction from a gene.
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Upstream Patents and Downstream Products: A Tragedy of the Anticommons?
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UPSTREAM - Identifies sequences located in a direction opposite to that of expression; for example, the bacterial promoter is upstream of the initiation codon. In an mRNA molecule, upstream means toward the 5' end of the molecule.
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Upstream/Downstream: In an RNA, anything towards the 5' end of a reference point is "upstream" of that point. This orientation reflects the direction of both the synthesis of mRNA, and its translation - from the 5' end to the 3' end.
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the region upstream of a gene to which RNA polymerase binds
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
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Anything further upstream (but not an enhancer or other regulatory region whose influence is positional/orientation independent)
Specific transcription factor binding sites ...
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A region of DNA extending 150-300 bp upstream from the transcription start site that contains binding sites for RNA polymerase and a number of proteins that regulate the rate of transcription of the adjacent gene.
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The sequence consists of 4-9 purine residues, located 8-13 bp upstream of the initiation codon.
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Where several alternative polyadenylation sites are found, preference is governed by a third sequence element upstream of AAUAAA.
PolyA tails are thought to function in mRNA stability and in initiation of translation.
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67-75 8 A role for upstream binding factor in organizing ribosomal gene chromatin Jane E. Wright, Christine Mais, Jos-Luis Prieto and Brian Mcstay..........77-84 9 Nutrient-regulated gene expression in eukaryotes Richard J.
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The core promoter of protein-encoding genes also contains binding sites for the basal transcription complex and RNA polymerase II, and is normally within about 50 bases upstream of the transcription initiation site.
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The small subunit of the ribosome binds to a site "upstream" (on the 5' side) of the start of the message.
It proceeds downstream (5' -> 3') until it encounters the start codon AUG.
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But if it receives an upstream signal from some kind of growth factor receptor which informs the cell interior that the cell has encountered a growth factor, ...
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Industrial pollutants that are dumped upstream of estuaries have rendered many marine habitats unsuitable for life. Again, tighter regulations have been used to prevent further destruction of the ocean biomes.
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If, for example, the population in question is a type of frog and the distinction between two groups is that individuals living upstream are generally white, while those found in the lowlands are black, ...
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function without any promoter activity of its own. They are located 10 to 50 kb downstream or upstream of a gene. They may be tissue-specific. The enhancer effect is mediated through sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins (see also
silencer
).
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Any two branch tips sharing the same immediate node are most closely related. All taxa that can be traced directly to one node (that is they are "upstream of a node") are said to be members of a monophyletic group.
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