Similarity

similarity in a twin pair, with both members of the pair expressing a specific trait
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
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Similarity in DNA or protein sequences between individuals of the same species or among different species.
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Similarity searches of the initial community genome sequence data revealed many genes consistent with the chemoautotrophic lifestyle of the community, including CO2 fixation genes, ...
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Similarity
Sequence identity between two nucleotide sequences. For example, 85% similarity means that 85 nucleotide positions out of 100 are identical in the two nucleotide sequences.
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Similarity to humans
Genetically speaking, people and fruit flies are very similar. About 61% of known human disease genes have a recognizable match in the genetic code of fruit flies, and 50% of fly protein sequences have mammalian analogues.
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The similarity of the action spectrum of photosynthesis and the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll tells us that chlorophylls are the most important pigments in the process.
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The similarity between intracellular mitochondria and free-living bacteria is striking.
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: A similarity due to convergent evolution (common function) but not inheritance from a common ancestor (bat's wings and bird's wings). See also
homology
.
Angiosperm ...
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The similarity of structure between two species that are not closely related; attributable to convergent evolution.
analogous
[Gk. analogos, proportionate] ...
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Genetic similarity
It is often stated that a particular organism shares X percent of its DNA with humans. This number indicates the percentage of base pairs that are identical between the two species.
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analogy Similarity of function but not of origin.
anamnestic response Immune response to a challenge or secondary antigen inoculation, ...
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Sequence similarity: Similarity in nucleic acid or polypeptide sequences, particularly in shorter segments, that may not be sufficient to imply common ancestral origins.
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homology
similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry.
homospory
The possession of only one form of spore. This gives rise to a single gametophyte generation carrying both male and female reproductive organs.
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This level of similarity is something that we use to infer that the genes are homologous, that is they have a common ancestry. Those genes came from the same original gene some time over evolutionary time.
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The degree of similarity in nucleotide sequence is a function of divergence time. If two populations had recently separated, few differences would have built up between them.
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Related Terms: Similarity
1. In comparison of nucleic acid sequences, the extent to which two nucleic acid sequences have identical bases at equivalent positions, usually expressed as a percentage.
2.
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Convergence: phenotypic similarity in distantly related (or unrelated) forms, presumably in response to similar selective pressures.
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Indeed, it is one of the reasons that biological organism exhibit the striking similarity of units and processes discussed in the previous section.
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Cladists group organisms based on shared derived characters, not the overall similarity of potential group members.
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HOMOLOGY - Indicates similarity between two different nucleotide or amino acid sequences, often with potential evolutionary significance.
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comparative biochemistry: the comparison of biochemical processes of modern day organisms with fossils and ancient species; modern biochemistry indicates there is a biochemical similarity in all living things.
compound: a collection of molecules.
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Structural comparison of pro GO with mature GO reveals overall structural similarity, but with some regions showing significant local differences in main-chain position.
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