Peptide

Peptides (from the Greek πεπ"ος, "digestible"), are the family of short molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various α-amino acids.
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Peptides differ from proteins, which are also long chains of amino acids, by virtue of their size.
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polypeptide
a molecule consisting of many joined amino acids, but not as complex as a protein
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
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Translation of a specific leader peptide tests for the concentration of a specific amino acid or set of amino acids in the cell.
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Chapter 19
Translocation of the cell-penetrating Tat peptide across artificial bilayers and into living cells
Paul Curnow1,3, Harry Mellor, David J. Stephens, Mark Lorch2 and Paula J. Booth3 ...
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Two or more amino acids joined by a peptide bond.
explained:
Listen to a detailed explanation.
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Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are synthetic analogs of DNA in which the phosphodiester backbone has been replaced with 2-aminoethyl glycine linkages, but maintaining the four natural nucleobases.
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Peptides and Amines
Peptides are short chains of amino acids; most hormones are peptides. They are secreted by the pituitary, parathyroid, heart, stomach, liver, and kidneys.
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Peptide and protein hormones like
vasopressin,
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and
angiotensin ...
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Peptides. Chains of amino acids; often portions of a protein molecule
pH. Measure of he acidity or basicity of water (-log10 of the activity of hydrogen ions in water) ...
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peptide bond
[Gk. pepto, to soften, digest]
The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by condensation synthesis.
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peptides: small proteins.
peripheral nervous system: a collection of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body and the external environment.
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peptide bond. A bond that binds amino acids together into a polypeptide chain, formed by removing an OH from the carboxyl group of one amino acid and an H from the amino group of another to form an amide group _CO_NH_.
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Peptide: A molecule formed by peptide bonds covalently linking two or more amino acids.
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PeptideBond a bond formed by dehydration synthesis between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid group of another amino acid
(pepti = digested cooked) ...
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Polypeptide
A long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Cf. peptide.
Related Terms: Amino acid ...
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Polypeptide: A molecule made up of a stri ng of amino acids. A protein is an example of a polypeptide.
Proteins: The active molecules in all cells. Proteins control biochemical reactions and determine the physical structure of organisms.
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Polypeptide (protein). A polymer composed of multiple amino acid units linked by peptide bonds.
Polyploid. A multiple of the haploid chromosome number that results from chromosome replication without nuclear division.
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A polypeptide secreted by bacteria which inhibit or prevent the growth of related bacteria which lack the corresponding colicin immunity proteins. Colicins are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids first found in E. coli (e.g.
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The completed polypeptide chain must be processed in one or more ways before it assumes its role as a mature protein or peptide. The activities, enzymatic or otherwise, of the proteins can be regulated by regulating their synthesis in translation.
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A DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide; a gene. See DNA, Gene. Clone. An exact genetic replica of a specific gene or an entire organism. See Cloning. Cloning.
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Amino acid sequence -- the linear order of the amino acids in a protein or peptide.
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peptidase An enzyme that hydrolyzes a peptide bond. peptide Two or more amino acids covalently joined by peptide bonds.
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DNA and peptide sequences for various opsins have been determined. In 1990, all of the then known amino acid sequences were compared in order to infer a phylogeny for the opsin molecules.
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Back translation Use of the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of part or all of a polypeptide to determine the theoretical nucleic acid base sequence(s) which could code for it. This is normally done using a computer programme.
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While determining the polypeptide sequence resulting from gene translation is straightforward, determining the actual three-dimensional (3D) structure requires some sophisticated experimental techniques.
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The polypeptide is ultimately folded into a 3-dimensional protein structure, which will go on to perform some specific function in the cell such as an enzyme subunit or cell membrane component.
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In classical MHC loci, in the peptide binding regions (allele-specific sequences) because of heterozygote advantage/frequency-dependent selection, there is always a high
dn/ds
ratio (>1) whereas in the remainder of the gene
dn/ds ...
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The oxygen or nitrogen atoms of the peptide bond are capable of hydrogen- bonding with hydrogen atoms elsewhere on the molecule. This bonding produces two common kinds of shapes seen in protein molecules, coils (helices) and pleated sheets.
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Amino acids bind by forming a peptide bond.
Linear polymers of amino acids are called polypeptides.
Large polypeptides are called proteins.
A restricted set of 20 amino acids constitute the universal building blocks of proteins.
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A library of proteins (e.g., peptides, antibodies, purified proteins, or unknown protein samples) is spotted on microscopic slides. They are usually used to identify novel proteins or protein-protein interactions.
Related
Microarray ...
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proteases - enzymes, such as trypsin, that degrades proteins by hydrolyzing some of their peptide bonds.
protein kinases - Enzyme that transfers the terminal phosphate group of ATP to a specific amino acid of a target protein ...
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translation - process whereby mRNA code is used by the ribosome to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) from amino acid precursors.
transposable element - see transposon ...
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