Mitochondrial DNA

We have undertaken genomic transplantation studies involving the transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from PD patients with a complex-I defect to a novel nuclear background.
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Dr. John Carpten, of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, defines mitochondrial DNA.
related
terms:
cell, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genome, nucleus ...
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mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Circular or linear DNA of the mitochondria. It codes for only a small but essential part of the mitochondrial proteins and for genes for tRNAs and rRNAs.
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Mitochondrial DNA
A similar situation exists for mitochondrial DNA, but in this case it applies to females. Because
the fertilized egg contains only the mother's mitochondria [Link] and
there is no recombination in mitochondrial DNA, ...
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Mitochondrial DNA The genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Not inherited in the same fashion as nucleic DNA.
See also: cell, DNA, genome, nucleus ...
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Mitochondrial DNA
A 3-D animation of the way that a zygote receives nuclear, or genomic, DNA from both parents (sperm and egg cells) but inherits mitochondrial DNA only from the mother.
View QuickTime Movie
Mitochondrial Eve ...
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Mitochondrial DNA studies find four distinct groups descended from peoples of Siberia. Amerind mtDNA suggests two waves of migration (one perhaps as old as 21-42 thousand years ago).
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The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes is organized in a series of concatenated maxicircles and minicricles. The less abundant maxicircles contain genes for rRNA, tRNA and various pre-edited mRNAs. The minicircles encode guide RNAs (gRNA).
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However, mitochondrial DNA only reflects the history of females in a population, and so may not give a representative picture of the history of the population as a whole.
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Genome -- all of the genes carried by a single gamete; the DNA content of an individual, which includes all 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes, and the mitochondrial DNA. Genotype -- genetic constitution of an organism.
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Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plants, carry their own small chromosomes, usually in multiple copies per organelle. These carry a limited number of genes which code for rRNA, tRNA and a few organelle proteins.
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During the 1990s, variations in human mitochondrial DNA were recognized as a valuable source for reconstructing the human "family tree" and for tracing early human migrations.
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Wayne and Jenks, in a recent Nature, present a study of the mtDNA(mitochondrial DNA -- it's maternally inherited) of the endangered red wolf, Canis rufus. This species, once extending over a large range in the southeast, is now extinct in the wild.
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: Non-Mendelian inheritance due to extra-nuclear DNA (mitochondrial DNA in animals). The transmission of the trait only occurs from mothers.
Evolution ...
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A yeast mutation producing small colonies and altered mitochondrial functions. In cytoplasmic (neutral and suppressive) petites the mutation is a deletion in mitochondrial DNA, while in segregational petites the mutation occurs in nuclear DNA.
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