Homologous chromosomes

homologous chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar structures and gene values
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
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Homologous chromosomes have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; one homolog comes from the mother and the other comes from the father. Homologous chromosomes line up and synapse during meiosis.
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Homologous chromosomes derived from maternal and paternal gamete nuclei come together and pair up. They have same lengths, same centromere positions and in most cases same number of genes arranged in linear order.
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Homologous Chromosomes
Diploid organisms have two copies of each chromosome (except the sex chromosomes). Each pair of chromosomes is homologous. For example, the two #7 chromosomes are homologous.
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homologous chromosomes
(home-ol-uh-gus) [Gk. homologia, agreement]
Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.
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homologous chromosomes Chromosomes that exist in pairs; each homologue possesses the same genes or loci, but the homologues may have different alleles at the same locus; one member of each pair comes from each parent.
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Homologous chromosomes. Chromosomes that have the same linear arrangement of genes--a pair of matching chromosomes in a diploid organism. See Chromosomes.
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homologous chromosomes
chromosome pairs of the same length centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same traits at corresponding loci.
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Homologous chromosomes: A pair of chromosomes containing the same linear gene sequences, each derived from one parent.
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A pair of homologous chromosomes closely adjacent to each other formed during the first meiotic division within a primary spermatocyte or oocyte.
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chromatid: homologous chromosomes joined to each other at the centromere; present during the prophase of mitosis.
chromatin: compacted DNA and protein.
chromosomes: linear units of DNA.
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Any pair of homologous chromosomes may be expected to cross over multiple times during meiosis, depending on the species and length of the chromosome.
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In meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up. The DNA of the chromosome is broken on both chromosomes in several places and rejoined with the other strand.
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: Separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase of mitotic or meiotic divisions (see also
nondisjunction
).
Disposable soma theory ...
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During Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes will line up. A karyotype can be made by cutting and arranging photomicrographs of the homologous chromosomes thus revealed at Metaphase I. Two types of chromosome pairs occur.
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Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid organism. (See DNA polymorphism.) Alternative mRNA splicing. The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts.
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[More] Tetracycline antibiotics Tetracycline response element Tetrad(1) The duplicated homologous chromosomes held together by chiasmata prior to anaphase of meiosis I. Each tetrad contains four chromatids.
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Homologous chromosomes -- chromosomes that pair during meiosis; each homologue is a duplicate of one chromosome from each parent. Homozygote -- having identical alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosome segments.
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Some organisms are diploid - that is, they have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells, and thus contain two copies of each gene.
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In the first division (meiosis I), homologous chromosomes pair and segregate to daughter cells. In the, second division (meiosis II), sister chromatids segregate.
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During the prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses. The paired chromosomes are called bivalents. The bivalent has two chromosomes and four chromatids, with one chromosome coming from each parent.
Related Terms: Prophase ...
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Bivalent a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis also known as a tetrad
(bi = two; valent = strength)
Blastocyst the hollow ball stage of embryonic development
(blasto = bud sprout) ...
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Synapsis
The pairing of homologous chromosomes or of homologous chromosomal regions.
Synteny
Genes which occur in the same order on the chromosome of different species.
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Heterozygosity The presence of different alleles at one or more loci on homologous chromosomes.
Heterozygote See: heterozygosity ...
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and fungi) having one-half of the genetic material of the original cell. The nuclear and cell division process in diploid eukaryotes that results in four haploid gametes or spores having one member of each original pair of homologous chromosomes only ...
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